The  reduction  of  CH4 and  N2O  emissions  from  rice  paddies  is  of  utmost  importance  in  minimizing  theimpact  of  rice  production  on  global  warming.  A  field  experiment  was  therefore  conducted  in  farmers'field  in  Hanoi,  Vietnam  to  examine  whether  the  use  of  straw  compost  or  straw  biochar,  in  combinationwith  the  safe  alternate  wetting  and  drying  (AWD)  has  the  potential  to  suppress  both  CH4 and  N2Oemissions  from  rice  paddies  while  maintaining  the  rice  yield.  The  study  compared  the  proposedstrategies  with  local  farmers'  practice  of  permanent  flooding  (PF)  and  farmyard  manure  (FYM)incorporation,  respectively.  A  control  treatment  without  organic  matter  incorporation  in  both  AWD  andPF  water  regimes  was  also  included  in  the  study;  all  treatments  received  equal  amounts  of  mineralfertilizer.  Gas  emissions  were  monitored  using  the  closed  chamber  method  at  seven-day  intervals  duringthe  first  50  days  and  at  15-day  intervals  thereafter.  Addition  of  FYM,  straw  compost  and  biochar  increasedCH4 emissions  by  230%,  150%  and  38%,  respectively,  when  compared  with  the  control  treatments  in  boththe  AWD  and  PF  water  regimes.  Within  AWD,  FYM  increased  N2O  emissions  by  30%,  straw  compost  andbiochar  displayed  similar  amount  of  N2O  emissions  as  the  control  treatment.  Within  PF,  N2O  emissionsunder  FYM  and  straw  compost  were  40%  and  35%  higher  than  the  control  treatment,  respectively,  andbiochar  once  again  displayed  similar  amount  of  N2O  emissions  as  the  control  treatment.  Yield  differencewas  not  significant  (p  >  0.05)  between  any  of  the  treatments.  These  results  indicated  that  the  strawcompost  incorporation  might  not  reduce  the  global  warming  potential  (GWP)  and  yield-scaled  GWP  ofrice  production,  whereas  biochar  in  combination  with  AWD  has  the  potential  to  maintain  the  GWP  andyield-scaled GWP of rice production at lower level than the farmers' practice.

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